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Next gen

World Models: From Why Agents Dream to DreamerV3

An interactive series you work through: predict, play, derive and break things, from Dyna to every trick inside DreamerV3, ending with a world model you drive in your browser.

Next genWorld ModelsDreamerV3
Oct 22, 2026 11 chapters · 120+ problems

HaWoR: Putting Egocentric Hands Back in the World

Picture someone wearing head mounted camera glasses in a kitchen. They pick up a kettle from the counter, turn around to face a cup ...

Computer Vision3D hand pose estimationegocentric video
Oct 23, 2026 46 min read 18

MCP Explained: How AI Connects to the Tools and Data You Use

Imagine asking an AI assistant: “Find the decision in our project notes, check when the team is free, and create a follow up task.” ...

AI infrastructureModel Context ProtocolAI tool integration
Oct 11, 2026 15 min read 136

Tokenization for LLMs: From Raw Text to Model Inputs

Type hello, world! into an LLM. To you, that string is already meaningful: two familiar words, a comma, a space, and an exclamation ...

Large Language Modelstokenizationsubword algorithms
Sep 14, 2026 40 min read 456

Mechanistic Interpretability: Reverse-Engineering the Algorithms Inside Neural Networks

Take a simple completion: “Alice gave Bob the book because wanted it.” Suppose the model assigns a high target logit $y$ to the corr...

AI Interpretabilitymechanistic interpretabilitytransformer circuits
Sep 8, 2026 19 min read 258

World Models: Learning Enough of the Future to Act

A robot is about to push a puck across a table. There is a target marked a little farther away, and beyond it, the edge. A gentle pu...

Model-Based Reinforcement LearningWorld ModelsRobot Learning
Sep 8, 2026 26 min read 233

veScale-FSDP: Flexible, Structure-Aware Sharding at 10K-GPU Scale

Suppose you want to train a model with a matrix optimizer such as Muon. The optimizer does not think of a weight matrix as a bag of ...

Distributed Machine Learning SystemsFSDPRaggedShard
Sep 2, 2026 20 min read 239

DeepSeek's Plugin Paradigm: Spatiotemporal Composability

A plugin registers commands, subscribes to events, allocates resources, and changes shared state. Loading is easy because the host c...

Dynamic software compositionplugin systemsrevertible effects
Aug 28, 2026 12 min read 485

Beyond Reinforcement Learning: Sampling as Optimization for Reasoning Models

Imagine an LLM solving a math problem. It samples a full reasoning trace, you run a verifier, and the verifier returns a number: per...

Machine Learningenergy-based modelsimportance sampling
Aug 28, 2026 18 min read 332

WarpSAC: When More Data Changes the Right RL Algorithm

Imagine training a robot arm from a replay buffer that contains plenty of examples of ordinary motions—move left, move right, lower ...

Reinforcement LearningSoft Actor-CriticScalable Off-Policy RL
Aug 28, 2026 25 min read 257

Attention Is All You Need: The Transformer

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Machine LearningTransformersAttention
Aug 18, 2026 45 min read 973

Action Chunking with Transformers (ACT): Learning Fine-Grained Bimanual Manipulation with Low-Cost Hardware

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Machine LearningTransformers
Aug 18, 2026 45 min read 906

B-spline Policy: Continuous Action Curves for Fast Manipulation

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Machine Learning
Aug 4, 2026 45 min read 474

DemoSpeedup: Entropy-Guided Acceleration of Visuomotor Policy Learning

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Machine Learning
Aug 4, 2026 45 min read 244

Backend Engineering from First Principles

Backend Engineering from first principles

Deep Dive
Aug 4, 2026 45 min read 183

From Imitation to Refinement – Residual RL for Precise Robotic Assembly

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Reinforcement LearningDiffusion
Jun 16, 2026 45 min read 654

HIL-SERL: Human-in-the-Loop Sample-Efficient Robotic Reinforcement Learning for Dexterous Manipulation

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Machine LearningReinforcement Learning
Jun 10, 2026 45 min read 901

Imitation Bootstrapped Reinforcement Learning (IBRL)

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Machine LearningReinforcement Learning
Jun 2, 2026 45 min read 348

AI Guardrails and Safety: From Failure Modes to Enforcement

AI guardrails and saftey

Deep Dive
May 26, 2026 45 min read 304

Machine-Checkable Termination Guarantees for Bayesian Trust in Multi-Agent Systems

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Deep Dive
May 26, 2026 45 min read 161

Harness Engineering: Building Reliable Evaluation and Data Pipelines for ML Systems

Harness engineering

Deep Dive
May 26, 2026 45 min read 344

Dive into Claude Code: Design Space of Today’s and Future AI Agent Systems

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Deep Dive
May 26, 2026 45 min read 172

Imitation Bootstrapped Reinforcement Learning (IBRL): Using Demonstrations in Exploration and Bootstrapping

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Machine LearningReinforcement Learning
May 26, 2026 45 min read 217

KV Caching in Autoregressive Transformers

KV Caching

Machine LearningTransformersAttention
May 26, 2026 45 min read 537

Speculative Decoding: Lossless Acceleration for Large Language Models

Speculative Decoding in LLM's

LLMs
May 23, 2026 45 min read 436

World Action Models are Zero-shot Policies: The DreamZero Approach

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Deep Dive
May 18, 2026 45 min read 673

Odysseus: Stable RL Training of VLMs for Long-Horizon Game Decision-Making

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Machine LearningReinforcement Learning
May 18, 2026 45 min read 210

ECHO: Turning Terminal Feedback into Dense Supervision for Agent RL

A diagram-rich generated explanation from the public library.

Machine LearningReinforcement Learning
May 18, 2026 45 min read 177

Mastering the Game of Go with Deep Neural Networks and Tree Search

AlphaGo paper combining deep neural networks with tree search for superhuman Go play

Deep Dive
May 18, 2026 45 min read 415

Vision-Language-Action Models: From Pixels and Instructions to Robot Actions

VLA (Vision Language Action Models)

Machine Learning
May 17, 2026 45 min read 436

DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models

MoE architecture for efficient LLM scaling via specialized experts

Machine LearningLLMsTransformers
May 17, 2026 45 min read 385

Maximum Likelihood Reinforcement Learning (MaxRL): A Compute-Indexed Bridge from RL to Log-Likelihood

RL framework that approximates maximum likelihood for binary-outcome tasks.

Machine LearningReinforcement Learning
May 17, 2026 45 min read 231

Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO)

GRPO and RL for LLM's

Machine LearningReinforcement LearningLLMs
May 17, 2026 45 min read 333

Kubernetes Architecture and Networking in Depth

Explain Kubernetes architecture including networking in depth

Systems
May 14, 2026 45 min read 91

LeWorldModel: Stable End-to-End Joint-Embedding Predictive Architectures from Pixels

Stable JEPA-based world model that learns and plans from raw pixels.

Machine LearningReinforcement Learning
May 11, 2026 45 min read 434

Recursive Language Models: Scaling LLM Contexts via Symbolic Recursion

Language models that recursively refine or compose intermediate reasoning/representations.

Machine LearningLLMs
May 11, 2026 45 min read 176

Vector Embeddings and Vector Databases

Vector Embeddings and Vector Databases

DatabasesVector Databases
May 10, 2026 45 min read 480

Mamba-3: Improved Sequence Modeling using State Space Principles

Mamba-3: Improved Sequence Modeling using State Space Principles

Machine Learning
May 9, 2026 45 min read 285

World Models: Learning to Dream for Efficient Reinforcement Learning

World Models

Deep Dive
May 7, 2026 84 min read 246

I-JEPA: Self-Supervised Learning from Images with a Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture

Self-supervised vision model for learning image representations.

Deep Dive
May 1, 2026 87 min read 633

Transformers: Attention, Architecture, Training, and Scaling

Transformers

Machine LearningTransformersAttention
May 1, 2026 84 min read 365

Diffusion Models and Flow Matching: From Score-Based Diffusion to Continuous Normalizing Flows

Diffusion and flow-matching

Machine LearningDiffusion
Apr 30, 2026 87 min read 232

LoRA Fine-Tuning: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Neural Networks

LORA Fine-tuning (Low rank adaption)

Machine LearningLoRA
Apr 29, 2026 78 min read 294

Variational Autoencoders: Principles, Derivations, and Applications

Variational auto-encoders

Deep Dive
Apr 26, 2026 84 min read 244

Policy Gradient Methods

policy gradient methods

Machine LearningReinforcement Learning
Apr 26, 2026 45 min read 221